Download Notes – 2nd Semester Political Science (Major & Minor) Cluster University Srinagar
Paper Title: Indian Government and Politics
🗂️ Syllabus Overview – Indian Government and Politics
This paper aims to introduce students to the key elements, institutions, and philosophical underpinnings of the Indian political system. It emphasizes understanding the structure and functioning of the Indian Constitution, its political institutions, and federal dynamics.
✅ UNIT-I: Introduction
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a) Constituent Assembly:
- Formation of the Constituent Assembly
- Composition and diverse representation
- Historical context and key debates
- Drafting and adoption process
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b) Philosophy of Indian Constitution:
- Preamble and core values: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
- Influence of global constitutions
- Role of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and others
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c) Approaches to Study Indian Politics:
- Liberal Approach – Individual rights, democracy, rule of law
- Socialist Approach – Focus on class, equity, economic justice
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d) Approaches to Study Indian Politics:
- Gandhian Approach – Non-violence, decentralization, swaraj
- Institutional Approach – Role of formal structures and legal framework
✅ UNIT-II: Working of Indian Constitution
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a) Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties:
- Articles 12–35: Right to Equality, Freedom, etc.
- Article 51A: List of duties expected from citizens
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b) Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
- Part IV of the Constitution
- Socio-economic goals for the state
- Non-justiciable but fundamental to governance
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c) Relationship between Fundamental Rights & DPSP:
- Tensions and harmony between justiciable rights and guiding principles
- Key judgments (e.g., Minerva Mills, Kesavananda Bharati)
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d) Citizenship:
- Provisions under Articles 5–11
- Amendments and recent debates on citizenship
✅ UNIT-III: Institutional Framework and Federalism in India
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a) Union Legislature: Structure and Powers
- Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: Composition, functions, law-making process
- Role in checks and balances
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b) Union Executive:
- President: Powers, role as constitutional head
- Prime Minister: Role as head of government, cabinet leadership
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c) Judiciary:
- Supreme Court & High Courts: Composition, independence, PIL
- Jurisdiction and major verdicts
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d) Federalism in India:
- Asymmetric federalism
- Centre-State relations and financial arrangements
- Current federal challenges and debates
📚 Ideal for:
- B.A. Political Science (Major & Minor) students
- Aspirants of civil services and competitive exams
- Anyone interested in understanding Indian constitutional governance
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